Molecular Formula: C7H15Cl2N2O2P (or C7H17Cl2N2O3P, depending on the hydrate or salt form)
Molecular Weight: 261.09
II. Physical Properties
Appearance: White crystalline or crystalline powder (liquefies upon losing crystalline water)
Melting Point: 41-45°C
Boiling Point: 336.1±52.0°C (predicted)
Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3 or 1.33±0.1 g/cm3 (predicted)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; readily soluble in ethanol; solubility in water can be enhanced by gentle heating and ultrasonication to ≥11.85 mg/mL in water, ≥13.05 mg/mL in DMSO, and ≥50.8 mg/mL in ethanol.
Stability: Stable at room temperature but sensitive to light; incompatible with oxidizing agents; aqueous solutions are unstable and should be used shortly after preparation.
III. Chemical Properties
Cyclophosphamide is metabolized in vivo to its active form, which forms covalent bonds with DNA, interfering with DNA replication and transcription processes, leading to cell death.
Alkylating Action: Upon entering the body, cyclophosphamide is metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes to release the highly alkylating chloroethyl phosphoramide, which exerts cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
