I. Basic Information
- English Name: Milnacipran Hydrochloride
- Molecular Formula: C15H23ClN2O
- CAS Number: 101152-94-7
- Molecular Weight: 282.81 g/mol

II. Pharmacological Actions
Milnacipran Hydrochloride is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It is primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorder and fibromyalgia.

1.     Mechanism of Action:

o    Milnacipran inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing their levels in the synaptic cleft and enhancing neurotransmission. Unlike other SNRIs, it has a balanced efficacy on both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

2.     Antidepressant Effects:

o    By increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, Milnacipran helps alleviate symptoms of depression such as mood improvement, and reduction in anxiety and other depressive symptoms.

3.     Pain Modulation:

o    Used in treating fibromyalgia, Milnacipran is effective in reducing the pain and improving functional status in patients. The exact mechanism in pain relief is complex and involves central modulation of pain perception.