Molecular Weight: 533.95 (or 533.97, depending on the calculation method)
Physical Properties
Form: Solid, typically orange-red or red
Melting Point: 183-185°C (alternatively reported as 172-174°C)
Boiling Point: 725.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 392.5°C
Density: No specific data (but rough estimates available)
Solubility: Highly soluble in DMSO (≥26.7 mg/mL), insoluble in ethanol, requires ultrasonic processing for solubility in water (≥2.39 mg/mL)
Stability: Hygroscopic, light-sensitive
Chemical Properties
Mechanism of Action: As an anthracycline-based non-specific cell cycle anticancer drug, idarubicin hydrochloride inhibits DNA synthesis, interferes with RNA polymerase, and inhibits topoisomerase II.
Potency: It has an 8-fold potency compared to daunorubicin and a 4-5 fold potency compared to doxorubicin.
Pharmaceutical Characteristics
Indications:
First-line treatment of adult acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and induction remission therapy for relapsed and refractory patients.
Second-line treatment for adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Also used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Dosage and Administration:
Adult acute myeloid leukemia: In combination with cytosine arabinoside, the recommended dose is 12 mg/m² intravenously per day for three consecutive days; or alone and in combination, the recommended dose is 8 mg/m² intravenously per day for five consecutive days.
Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The recommended dose for monotherapy is 12 mg/m² intravenously per day for three consecutive days.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The recommended dose is 10 mg/m² per day for three consecutive days.
Adverse Reactions:
Severe myelosuppression manifesting as leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
Cardiotoxicity manifesting as fatal congestive heart failure, acute arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.
Other adverse reactions include alopecia, acute nausea and vomiting, mucositis, esophagitis, diarrhea, fever, chills, rash, etc.
