Alternative Names: Metoclopramide HCl, Hydrochloride Metoclopramide, Stemetil, Reglan, etc.
CAS Number: 54143-57-6
EINECS Number: 641-713-2
Molecular Formula: C14H22ClN3O2·HCl
Molecular Weight: 336.26
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: Varies depending on sources, reported as 182.5-184°C or 320°C
Purity: High-purity products can reach over 98%
Pharmacological Action
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride is a potent and orally active drug that acts as a 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. Its primary pharmacological actions include:
Inhibition of vomiting reflexes by acting on dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the medulla oblongata, thereby increasing the CTZ threshold.
Promotion of prolactin secretion by blocking dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, inhibiting prolactin-inhibiting factor.
Enhancement of upper gastrointestinal motility, increasing resting tone of gastrointestinal sphincters, augmenting the amplitude and duration of lower esophageal sphincter contractions, preventing gastroesophageal reflux, and facilitating gastric emptying.
Indications
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride is used primarily in the treatment of:
Nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, craniocerebral injury, post-traumatic encephalopathy, sea and air sickness, and medication.
Nausea and vomiting symptoms caused by acute gastroenteritis, biliary and pancreatic diseases, uremia, and other disorders.
Abdominal distension, abdominal pain, belching, heartburn, and anorexia associated with hypomotility of the stomach, gastroesophageal reflux, biliary and pancreatic diseases, and fatty liver.
As an aid in facilitating diagnostic duodenal intubation and reducing nausea and vomiting during gastrointestinal barium X-ray examination.
Precautions
Adverse Reactions: Common adverse reactions include drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, and occasionally constipation, diarrhea, and rash. Long-term or high-dose use may lead to extrapyramidal reactions such as tremor, dysphasia, and ataxia.
Contraindications: This drug is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to Metoclopramide Hydrochloride, gastrointestinal bleeding, mechanical intestinal obstruction, or perforation.
Drug Interactions: Metoclopramide Hydrochloride interacts with various drugs. For example, its sedative effects are enhanced when combined with alcohol or central depressants. Antagonistic effects may occur when used concurrently with anticholinergics and anesthetic analgesics. Therefore, patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking.
Use in Special Populations: Use in pregnant women, lactating mothers, children, and the elderly should be cautious and guided by medical advice.
Storage and Transportation
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride should be stored in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated place, protected from direct sunlight and high temperatures. During transportation, precautions should be taken to prevent moisture, sunlight exposure, and pressure.
