Chemical Information

Chemical Name: Tetrabenazine
CAS Number: 58-46-8
Molecular Formula: C19H27NO3
Molecular Weight: 317.43 g/mol

Pharmacological Action

Mechanism of Action:

Tetrabenazine is a monoamine depleting agent that acts primarily by inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). This inhibition reduces the uptake of monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine) into synaptic vesicles, leading to decreased neurotransmitter stores and reduced monoamine transmission.

Pharmacological Effects:

1.     Reduction of Chorea Symptoms:

o    Tetrabenazine is predominantly used to control chorea associated with Huntington’s disease. By reducing the levels of dopamine in the brain, it helps to decrease the abnormal, involuntary movements characteristic of chorea.

2.     Management of Hyperkinetic Disorders:

o    Apart from Huntington's chorea, it can be used to manage other hyperkinetic movement disorders, although the use is carefully regulated due to potential side effects.

3.     Neurotransmitter Modulation:

o    By impacting the levels of various monoamines, Tetrabenazine can influence mood and behavior, although this comes with risks of depressive symptoms and other psychiatric side effects.