Mechanism of Action: Itraconazole is an antifungal agent that works by inhibiting the enzyme 14α-demethylase, which is crucial in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Ergosterol is a fundamental component of fungal cell membranes. By inhibiting this enzyme, itraconazole disrupts the membrane's synthesis and function, leading to increased permeability, leakage of essential cellular contents, and eventual fungal cell death.
Antifungal Spectrum:
Fungi: Effective against a wide array of fungi, including yeasts such as Candida spp. and molds like Aspergillus spp.
Dermatophytes: Active against dermatophytes, which cause fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails.
Dimorphic Fungi: Effective against fungi that can exist in both mold and yeast forms, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides immitis.
