I. Basic Information

• English Name: Propranolol Hydrochloride

• Alternative Names: Hydrochloride Salt of Propranolol, 1-Isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol Hydrochloride, etc.

• CAS Number: 318-98-9

• EINECS Number: 206-268-7

• Molecular Formula: C16H22ClNO2

• Molecular Weight: 332.265

II. Physical Properties

• Melting Point: 163-165°C

• Boiling Point: 434.9°C at 760 mmHg

• Flash Point: 216.8°C

III. Pharmacological Actions

Propranolol Hydrochloride, as a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, exhibits high affinity for both β1AR and β2AR, with Ki values of 1.8 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. Its pharmacological actions are primarily mediated through inhibition of adrenergic receptor activity, including:

1. Reducing Heart Rate: Decreases cardiac output and myocardial oxygen consumption.

2. Lowering Blood Pressure: Achieved through vasodilation, reducing peripheral resistance.

3. Anti-anginal Effect: Improves myocardial blood supply, alleviating angina symptoms.

4. Antiarrhythmic Activity: Effective in treating various arrhythmias, particularly those related to catecholamines.

IV. Clinical Applications

1. Hypertension: Used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents to effectively lower blood pressure.

2. Angina Pectoris: Including effort angina and stable angina.

3. Arrhythmias: Controls supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, especially those associated with catecholamines.

4. Myocardial Infarction: As secondary prevention, reduces mortality post-myocardial infarction.

5. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Reduces outflow tract pressure gradients, alleviating symptoms such as angina, palpitations, and syncope.

6. Pheochromocytoma: Used in conjunction with α-blockers to control tachycardia.

7. Hyperthyroidism: Controls tachycardia and treats thyroid storm.

In summary, Propranolol Hydrochloride is a crucial cardiovascular medication with widespread clinical applications.