Dimethyl fumarate is commonly used as an oral medication for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It helps to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and to delay the progression of disability in patients with relapsing forms of MS. Additionally, it is used in the treatment of psoriasis.
Mechanism of Action
The precise mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve the modulation of the inflammatory response and the cellular defense mechanisms which contribute to its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects: - Activation of Nrf2 Pathway: Dimethyl fumarate activates the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway. This pathway is involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against cellular damage. - Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway: Dimethyl fumarate also exerts its effect by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, which plays a critical role in the inflammatory response.
