Metformin Hydrochloride

Metformin Hydrochloride is a widely prescribed medication used primarily in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Basic Information

• English Name: Metformin Hydrochloride

• Chemical Formula: C4H11N5·HCl

• Molecular Weight: 165.63 g/mol

• CAS Number: 1115-70-4

Pharmacological Action

Metformin Hydrochloride exerts its hypoglycemic effects through the following mechanisms:

1. Enhances Peripheral Glucose Utilization: It increases the utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, particularly by enhancing insulin sensitivity.

2. Suppresses Hepatic Gluconeogenesis: It reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby lowering hepatic glucose output.

3. Inhibits Intestinal Glucose Absorption: Unlike insulin, Metformin Hydrochloride does not directly stimulate insulin secretion but reduces intestinal glucose absorption.

Indications

Metformin Hydrochloride is indicated for:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus when dietary management alone is inadequate, especially in obese patients and those with hyperinsulinemia.

• Combination therapy with sulfonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, or thiazolidinediones to enhance glycemic control.

• Use in patients receiving insulin therapy to reduce insulin requirements.